Summary of Why Leaves Turn Color in the Fall free essay sample

Why leaves turn shading in the fall, she portrays how the seasons offer approach to fall and how the leaves started to change shading. She really expounds on the substance and logical procedure of this change just as the distinction in shading among the types of plants in numerous pieces of the world. She even makes an allegorical reference that the fall hues signal demise and proceeds to clarify how passing gets new life the end. She gives us a lot of data on the synthetic and logical procedure of how the leaves started to change shading. She clarifies that procedure of shading change is straightforwardly constrained by the sun’s light. Towards the finish of summer the trees begin to pull the supplements once again into its trunk and starve off the leaves. As those leaves starved, they quit creating the shade chlorophyll which gives the leaves their green shading. We will compose a custom exposition test on Outline of Why Leaves Turn Color in the Fall or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The leaves started to show yellow and red as the chlorophyll separates. With no shade being delivered, all the leaves will turn shading after some time. She discloses to us that there is a color called Anthocyanin, which makes the leaves turn red. This color shifts from year to year contingent upon the temperature and daylight. She illuminates that us that this marvel happens everywhere throughout the world and clarifies that various trees and types of plants in different pieces of the world change to various hues do to the atmosphere. Where as in European maples don’t have the red shading that the American maples have on the grounds that it’s a hotter in part of the world then the other. So in Europe the warm, muggy climate turns the leaves even more an earthy colored or light yellow shading. She gives numerous references to various sorts of plants and the hues they change to. Elms and sobbing willows turn a splendid yellow, while Basswood turns bronze and birches a brilliant shading. She makes reference to the sun as the reason for this change by clarifying that one side of slope may have shading and not the other reason for more sun presentation. She starts to get into the representative parts of how the shading change and fall of the leaves signal the happening to death and change. We see the excellent hues and in our psyches recognize what destiny is next for the leaves. She lets us know despite the fact that the leaves lose their green; they blossom with hues like maturing, and fall dead and fragile. This is the regularly rehashing pattern of life and passing, however with hues that signal that occasion of the plants life cycle. She alludes to the manner in which the leaves fall haphazardly in each which heading as an approach to help us that the conclusion to remember a season is as flighty just like the finish of life. At the point when we see the progressions of the hues in the leaves and the â€Å"magic† occurring before our eyes, it very well may be contrasted with the pattern of life all in all. Green like the beginning of new life, at that point the hues connoting age in that cycle, at that point at long last the fall of the weak leave that signals passing. She indicates the delicate shoots that are ensured by the dead leaves that fell, and that hence new life is conceived from the leaves that fall.

Aporia Definition and Examples

Aporia Definition and Examples Aporia is aâ figure of discourse in which the speaker communicates genuine or reproduced uncertainty or perplexity. The modifier isâ aporetic. In traditional talk, aporia implies setting a case in question by creating contentions on the two sides of an issue. In the wording of deconstruction, aporia is a last stalemate or paradoxthe site at which the content most clearly sabotages its own explanatory structure, destroys, or deconstructs itself. Historical underpinnings: From the Greek, without passagePronunciation: eh-POR-ee-eh Models and Observations David MikicsScholars have depicted as aporetic early Socratic discoursed like the Protagoras (ca. 380 BCE), which end in puzzlement instead of goals, and which neglect to flexibly persuading definitions regarding looked for after ideas like truth and temperance. Toward the finish of the Protagoras, composed the rationalist Sã ¸ren Kierkegaard, Socrates and Protagoras take after two uncovered men looking for a comb.Peter FalkI dont think its demonstrating anything, Doc. In actuality, I dont even recognize what it implies. Its only something or other that gets in my mind and continues moving around in there like a marble.William WordsworthIf living compassion be theirsAnd leaves and airs,The channeling breeze and moving treeAre all alive and happy as we:Whether this be truth or noI can't tell, I don't know;Naywhether now I reason well,I don't have a clue, I can't tell.Ford Maddox FordAm I no superior to an eunuch or is the best possible manthe man with the privilege to existencea seet hing steed always neighing after his neighbor’s womankind? Or on the other hand would we say we are intended to follow up without really thinking alone? It is every one of the a dimness. Julian WolfreysA especially striking case of the experience of the aporetic shows up in Karl Marxs thought of the ware obsession, where he discovers it consistently difficult to clarify, inside the constraints of his talk, what changes material into its confused structure as wanted product, and what contributes the ware object with its commodified mystique.David LodgeRobin composed the word with a hued felt-tip marker on the whiteboard screwed to the mass of her office. Aporia. In old style talk it implies genuine or imagined vulnerability about the subject being talked about. Deconstructionists today use it to allude to progressively extreme sorts of inconsistency or disruption of rationale or annihilation of the perusers desire in a book. You could state that its deconstructions most loved figure of speech. Hillis Miller analyzes it to following a mountain way and afterward finding that it gives out, leaving you abandoned on an edge, incapable to return or advances. It really gets from a Greek word meaning a pathless way.

Marketing Analysis Paper

Marketing Analysis Paper Marketing Analysis Paper Home›Marketing Posts›Marketing Analysis Paper Marketing PostsMarketing has been known to be a way of promoting and selling of products. In this essay, we are critically going to focus on the different types used by marketers to determine product positioning, competitive positioning, customer’s perception and distribution-channel analysis. In addition, we will focus on the comparison on the strengths weaknesses of each method and finally assessing different types of marketing analysis required to develop marketing strategy.Product positioning has been known to be the act of coming up with an image of what a given client or company is offering so as to make the consumer or the target customer to have the full knowledge needed about the product that is being marketed in relation to competitors. Having the image of the product to be marketed then some analysis which determines the product positioning needs to be used for the better marketing.These analyses are such as factor analysis, discriminate analysis and multidimensional scaling. Factor analysis has been known to represent the attributes in terms of smaller number of underlying factors after which the brand ratings are then used to position the brands while discriminate analysis also requires respondents to provide attribute ratings even though like factor analysis its objective is to minimize the required number of attributes to a smaller number of underlying dimensions.Despite having the almost the same characteristics as such of those of factor analysis, they tend to differ whereby discriminate analysis tries to focus on those attributes which has got different brands and it also tends to assume those attributes which shows a large variations within the products themselves. That is why, in product positioning, this analysis identifies the underlying dimensions among those groups.   Finally, Multidimensional Scaling was seen to enable the products to be mapped spatially so th at the relative positions in the mapped space should reflect the degree of the perceived similarity between the products (Kohli Leuthesser, 2011).With the analysis discussed above, it’s important for one to note the strengths and weaknesses of each and every analysis when it comes to marketing the product. Some of the strengths of the factor analysis technique are, it reduces the complexity of the data through the means of reducing the number of variables (Kotler, et al. 2008). Apart from the reduction of the number of the analysis, it can be also be used to identify the hidden dimensions or even construct those dimensions which may tend to look apparent to the target market from the direct market and finally, it easy and ensures the right decision are made.As much as it posses those strengths, factor analysis also posses some weaknesses in it whereby the usefulness of the products entirely depends on the originator of the product. it is ability to collect the enough set of produ ct attributes needed and if the important attributes becomes unavailable, then the value of the procedure are reduced (Joshi, 2005). Incase there is any similarities in variables, then the factor analysis takes the responsibility of assigning single factor on it hence making it harder when it comes to identifications of factors that capture more interesting relationships and finally, naming of any factor may require the background knowledge because more attributes may lead to more correlation for no apparent reason.It will be of important if we happen to know the strengths of those factor analysis also, for instance, if we compare multidimensional scaling with factor analysis, in multidimensional scaling analysis, despite its strength in desirability, at the same time it has less products which may lead to unstable condition due to the consumer’s needs. That’s why it is recommended that more products should be available. Another weakness that may be experienced with multidimensi onal scaling is the same brand on the same products. This may lead to some customers not being considered when it comes to product wants of which might be found unavailable due to the same brand in the market.An advantage the product may have under multidimensional scaling is the allowance of the product to be reversed when it comes to ranking order among the subjects. It has also shown to be robust to embedding an existing set with new stimuli as long as the new stimuli are unlike and also multidimensional scaling has also become robust when it comes to metric and finally it has got an easy interpretation, in multidimensional scaling analysis, fewer dimensions are generated as compared to factor analysis due to factor analysis including those dimensions allowing for significant amount of the total variations.But when it comes to factor analysis with discriminate analysis, it defines dimensions which shows bigger differences between groups who pretend to ignore those dimensions of p roducts which have got the likelihood of showing the bigger variations. It can also be used as a complementary technique to highlight the dimensions which may tend to differ before as agreed among the customers.All the above kept into consideration, then there is a need for the company involved in the product to position the product based upon some opportunities provided. First, the originator of the product should consider the customer’s need and make sure the product is available, then he should identify the strengths that are both unique and important of which he should also determine on how incase the product develops some weaknesses, on how to correct it and making it look more appealing (Kotler, et al. 2008). There is also some need to change the consumer usage patterns by including some different or adding more products in the market and finally identifying those place that determine the best target for the product.Finally, there is need for the distribution channel so as t o develop a market strategy, this are the existing distribution channel which should focus on the relationship between the consumer and the manufacturer. Another one is the trend and the emerging channels which mean new opportunities can be offered to develop competitive market and the channel powered structure whereby if the product happens to have the little brand equity, then the retailers have negotiating power over manufacturers and can capture more margins.

Personal Goals In Life Essay - 1507 Words

In Composition I, Mrs. Henry assigned us the task of writing to share information about ourselves. Our group consists of Kane (David Pharr), Kylah, Joshua, and Kendra. As a group, we chose to share about three topics that would reveal the most about our personality and character. In this paper, you will get to know more about the hobbies, goals and families of Kane (David Pharr), Kylah, Joshua, and Kendra. First, you will be hearing from me. David Pharr, also known as Kane. I am a dynamic individual with a great interest in learning new things. Working and schooling full-time doesn’t leave much time for activities, but I still manage to find time for hiking, camping, and exploring outdoors as I enjoy the solitude of nature. I also study†¦show more content†¦Now moving on to me, Kylah Clark. It is easy to look at someone and stereotype them, but I have always considered myself to be a strong, independent, and funny person. Some of my hobbies include Netflix, Softball and Basketball. Every night I watch Netflix. I call it a hobby, but others might call it an addiction. I watch about six hours of Netflix every day. The shows I watch include ‘The Night Shift’ which is consistent with the show ‘Greysanatomy’ but has more of a military background. I also watch ‘Stranger Things’ this show is mainly about aliens and a warp in time that a g roup of kids found. Although watching Netflix is great and all playing my sports heavily outweighs watching tv on my priority list. One sport I play is softball. I am a two-time World Series Title holder and although I am not going to college to play, I have been the MVP in both of those tournaments. The other sport I play is Basketball, although my trophies are more about softball I excelled in basketball and made All Conference every year of my high school years. I am naturally talented and can play any position in both sports. Now being out of high school I have decided that maybe it is time to peruse a new passion. Close a chapter in my book of life to open a new. This new chapter will be me finding new goals in my life to live out. These goals include keeping a good workout schedule, keeping my grades up while in school, and becoming an Anesthesiologist. I believe thatShow MoreRelatedPersonal Goals Essay : My Goals In Life776 Words   |  4 PagesMy goals in life are a little harder to reach than most peoples goals in life. My main goal is to become a surgeon at a very well-known Hospital, live in a two-story house/ mansion, and with two kids or four with a wonderful husband whos not afraid to pay child support. End as a side job I would love to open up my own restaurant .If I want to achieve these goals I will have to work hard and I will explain how I will achieve them. To start off with the basics I will talk about family, for a familyRead MoreHow Personal Responsibility Will Lead to My Success Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesHow Personal Responsibility Will Lead to My Success Personal responsibility means to me holding yourself accountable for not only the successes in your life but also your downfalls. If a person can do this they will not only be successful in their education but in their careers and life in general. Even though some people who lack personal responsibility do just fine in life, personal responsibility will lead to my success in and beyond school because it gives me the confidence to succeed,Read MoreMy Experience : My Personal Experience772 Words   |  4 Pagesmy time on essays, while still being able to make them sound well written. This semester tested my ability to work on my own, without being told what to do. With newly given freedom, I often struggled with what I needed to accomplish. By looking at my portfolio, one can tell that I have developed my writing exponentially. I have become more independent and developed through the ideas and opinions that I have. Reading through my portfolio, the lack of concern and work put in m y first essay both surprisesRead MorePersonal Experience: English Composition Course622 Words   |  3 Pages Focusing in self- evaluation to improve the learning process, help me to set goals and be aware of my own mistakes. When the English Composition course started, I wanted to be able to express my thoughts and my ideas in an effective way. The continuation of my education was very difficult, and I began to doubt myself when faced with the first couple of weeks. My first assignment was my most difficult assignment, and I found myself having trouble sticking to a thesis, because I had so manyRead MoreEssay about Personal Responsibility and College Success 663 Words   |  3 PagesEven though main argumentations against personal responsibility include the fact that many â€Å"people are just naturally unable to take responsibility, there are too many arguments for personal responsibility that they just outweigh it.† (What Are The Main Arguments Against Personal Responsibility?, n.d.). Personal responsibility is a choice that you have to make. Taking personal responsibili ty for something gives you something to measure up to. â€Å"Personal responsibility is the key to college successRead MoreLearning Theories Provide Instructional Designers With Instructional Strategies And Techniques870 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussed in this essay is in terms of specific interpretation of the learning process. The information presented provides the reader with a comparison and contrast of the differences in practical application in an instructional situation. The specific learning theories in this essay are behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism. The essay will compare and contrast how learning occurs in each theory, the roles of the teacher and the student, the curriculum and learning goals, and lastly, assessmentsRead MorePersonal Development and Learning Essay example897 Words   |  4 PagesThe Personal Development Reflective Essay Assignment The reflective essay will become the primary component of the senior portfolio a few years from now, but the process begins here in PDP 150 as students learn to apply their new reflective skills in developing of an effective portfolio. The reflective essay provides the opportunity to describe and document one’s growth as a person during this time in a student’s life, and the key to understanding the task is to emphasize the term â€Å"reflectiveRead MoreReflective Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesWe introspect into these memorable events and reflect over them with regards the emotions and influences they have left in our lives. In simple words a reflective essay is a piece of ‘you’ being presented in words. What is Reflection? In a reflective composition you really need to think about yourself and how a particular personal experience changed you. It is not merely a recollection of your experience but an analysis of the memories of your feelings, expressing them, reflecting on them withRead MoreReflection Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pagespassion for writing poetry and also writing short stories about my life. In my high school English class, each Tuesday would be designated in writing for twenty minutes constantly about a given topic. I found that as a writer, I write the best about topics relating to me personally. However, in Rhetoric and Composition, I was able to learn new skills that allowed me to improve as a writer.   In Rhetoric and Composition, I composed essays about my own subculture, a unique place of importance, and a subcultureRead MoreRationale And Reflection : Understanding And Encouraging Student Learning, Growth, And Development1219 Words   |  5 Pagesprovides diverse learning opportunities that support the intellectual, social, and personal development of all students. Quality Indicator 2C1: Cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development The teacher candidate can identify child and adolescent development stages and apply them to students. Quality Indicator 2C2: Student Goals The teacher candidate is able to demonstrate the ability to set short- and long-term goals, as well as organize, implement, and self-reflect. Quality Indicator 2C3: Theory

Dynamic Strategy Formulation And Dynamic Strategic Change - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2654 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction Dynamic strategy is generally accepted as being the ability of a firm to rapidly switch between strategic configurations, thus dynamically responding to any changes in the environment (Day et al, 2004). Such a strategy formulation is becoming increasingly vital in the contemporary business environment, but also increasingly hard to achieve due to the vast amounts of information available to businesses. As such, this piece will examine the role that information systems, IS, and information technology, IT, can play in supporting dynamic strategy formulation and dynamic strategic change. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dynamic Strategy Formulation And Dynamic Strategic Change" essay for you Create order This will be achieved through two methods. The first will be a review of the literature to understand the theory and existing studies around the role of IS and IT in driving strategic change, and the second will consist of two case studies of organisations that used IS and IT in their strategic processes. Literature review: The relationship between IT / IS and dynamic strategy The relationship between IT and dynamic strategy is rooted in the relationship between the various patterns of information systems development and the organisational configurations that a business can adopt. This relationship is supported by Burn (1993) who demonstrated that different stages of information systems development tended to require companies to take different approaches to their strategy, based on the available organisational configurations. Indeed, this relationship revealed a pattern of strategic alignment in the organisations, based on the relationship between the organisational configuration and the stage of information systems development. This implies that the main role of information technology in supporting dynamic strategy is as an enabler of different strategic approaches, thus a high level of IT development is needed in order to support the use of dynamic strategies (Burn, 1993). Another important factor in the creation and maintenance of a dynamic strateg y is the fact that information is increasingly being created â€Å"faster than individuals and organizations cart make sense of it† (Lerch and Harter, 2001, p. 63). This not only means that organisations are now able to collect ever more detailed data and information, but also means that understanding and processing this data is more important than ever. The vast amount of available data means that it has become even harder to obtain any degree of situational awareness, with businesses struggling to understand the status and dynamics of an environment that is continually changing in so many ways. In this environment, a dynamic strategy can only be effectively created if the business is able to keep pace with the rapid rate at which information is produced, and can analyse the information rapidly enough to keep pace with the environment. IT and IS play a vital role in achieving this, by enabling managers to better categorise, analyse and act on the data produced (Lerch and Har ter, 2001). In addition to the importance of information technology in supporting an overall level of dynamic strategy formulation, specialist information systems also play a vital role in supporting the development of dynamic strategy in specific areas of the business. One particular example of this is in the use of customer relationship management strategies to support higher levels of customer commitment and retention. The main theory around customer retention is that customers can only be retained when their requirements and expectations are satisfied, and also when the customer is able to obtain fair value from their transactions with the business. Whilst satisfaction is relatively easy to obtain, the notion of fair value can change rapidly, most often when rivals launch offerings which are cheaper or subjectively superior (Park and Kim, 2003). As such, in order to effectively pursue a customer relationship management strategy, businesses need to ensure that they are aware o f what represents fair value from the point of view of their customers. This can only be achieved if the organisation is able to maintain a high degree of customer awareness, through the effective collection and analysis of customer information. Information technology and IT strategy both play a key role in enabling this for businesses, and helping them better retain their customers (Park and Kim, 2003). In addition to enabling specific aspects of dynamic strategy, high end information technology also plays a vital role in enabling businesses to expand and succeed in areas where the requirement for dynamic strategy is even more pronounced. One example of this comes from the attempt by many businesses to become electronically enabled. In order to achieve this on an effective level, businesses need to employ dynamic capabilities to leverage their expertise in the electronic environment. Whilst the key factor in succeeding in this market is a strong degree of visionary managerial le adership, companies also need to show the ability to develop innovative and dynamic IT capabilities in order to support their business aspirations. As such, a sound IT innovation strategy will prove the key to developing a dynamic electronic business strategy to succeed in the new environment (Hackbarth and Kettinger, 2004). One final example of a dynamic business strategy which can be supported by IS and IT is a mass customization strategy, which focuses on succeeding in diversified markets using the cost benefits of mass production and the marketing appeal of individualisation. In this case, information systems play a much more holistic role: not only do they support the process of strategy formulation, but they also enable the entire value chain, particularly in the management of product and process complexity levels. Indeed, Dietrich et al (2007) argue that a mass customisation strategy, and other advanced production approaches, can only truly be achieved if information syste ms are integrated into the operations process, and hence the strategy, at a fundamental level. The role of IT / IS in promoting dynamic strategic change As discussed above, the literature strongly supports the argument that the alignment of IT and IS with business strategy plays a vital role in creating dynamic strategies. However, given the importance of change in the dynamic strategy process, it can also be argued that IT and IS need to play a key role in supporting dynamic strategic change in order for businesses to maintain their dynamic strategies. This argument is supported by Sabherwal et al (2001) who claim that dynamic strategic alignment can only be achieved over a long period of time if the companys IS management profile is set up to support evolutionary changes in strategy. This argument is supported by Hsiao and Ormerod (1998) who argue that information technology enabled strategic change is a vital aspect of any dynamic strategy formulation. Indeed, their study implies that strategic change is pursued is a series of unique ways, each of which rely on the effective management of information and information systems i n order to achieve. This research also shows that IT plays an equally vital role in both planned and emergent modes of change, regardless of the change elements that drive these modes. One specific example of the role that information technology can play in supporting dynamic strategic change is in the field of dynamic process modelling. Dynamic process modelling is used across the entire set of operating and support functions of a business, including the information systems, and plays a vital role in ensuring the continued alignment of all these aspects during a strategic change process (Giaglis et al, 2005). This is a vital component of a dynamic strategic change, as alignment must be maintained in order to ensure coherence throughout the business. If different aspects of the business fall out of alignment during the strategic change, the delays associated with realigning them can disrupt the dynamic process and prevent the company from maintaining its dynamic capabilities and responsiveness to market changes. Information systems can assist in avoiding this through the creation of dynamic simulation models that demonstrate the effects of a proposed strategic change on existing business processes, helping managers be proactive and addressing any changes before they cause misalignment between organisational functions. Indeed, true continued strategic business alignment can only be maintained throughout a dynamic strategic change process if the information technology and information systems of the company are specifically configured to support the dynamic process. This argument is put forward by Chen et al (2008) who argue that dynamic strategic changes require dynamic capabilities in order to ensure strategic alignment process, and also to overcome any difficulties encountered in both achieving and sustaining alignment. This is particularly important in the IT context, given that the path dependencies created in previous changes can act as barriers to fu ture alignment. As a result, the information systems of the business need to be managed and directed, with a clear business vision, to ensure future strategic alignment, and hence business success. Case study 1: Hewlett Packard The first case study in this piece will be an examination of Hewlett Packard, HP, specifically the actions taken by HP when it was engaged to develop a new information system for a large multinational car manufacturer. This new system was a critical aspect in supporting a dynamic strategic change in the organisation, moving it away from a hierarchy and towards a worldwide network of factories and distribution facilities (Feurer et al, 2000). Analysis for the case study 1 This implementation focused on the creation of a new information system for a new area of the business. As a result, it was not dependent on the companys existing IT and IS. This meant that it provides a good example of how a system can be designed to fulfil a specific role in the creation of a dynamic strategy, with the only constraints being the network of suppliers and customers, and the requirements of the parent company. The implementation thus used a balanced approach between people and technology, helping to support a dynamic strategy that could react more rapidly to market requirements, whilst also incorporating internal goals and constraints. The resulting system supported a high level of strategic alignment, as well as a high degree of dynamic strategic control (Feurer et al, 2000). Critical reflection on the case study 1 The main success factor underlying this case study was the use of the information system to support the deployment of flexible resources as late as possible in the production process. This not only saved costs, but also helped support a mass customisation process, as described by Dietrich et al (2007). The use of the information system to provide this degree of flexibility also helped the company use a series of innovative processes to drive production in the network of factories, which encouraged further dynamic strategic development. This use was supported by a breakthrough in the technology enablers, which were driven by the cross functional teams working across HP and the car manufacturer. These breakthroughs made it possible for the system to be used to identify the critical processes which tend to have the strongest impact on the ability of a company to achieve its strategic objective (Besanko et al, 2007). The systems were then able to analyse these key processes and transla te them into high level models of how the new organisational structure would interact with its environment, in terms of the core, support and innovative processes and how these could be proactively adapted to the environment to maximise overall performance. This is a critical aspect of any strategic planning involving information systems (Ward and Peppard, 2002), and played a further key role in the success of the overall implementation, and the relevance of this case study to the development of best practice in the information systems field (Eisenhardt, 1989). Case study 2: Queensland Heath The second case study in this piece is a study of Queensland Health, QH, which is one of the largest Australian government agencies. This agency implemented a centralised IT service management model as part of a dynamic strategic change away from a function based strategic focus, and towards a service based focus (Tan et al, 2010). Analysis for the case study 2 The implementation of the system was widely seen as a success, with the system experiencing a large number of breakthroughs, both organisational and technological. The main organisational factor that supported the success of the case study was that the commitment of senior management was obtained, hence directing all the organisations resources towards the successful implementation of the system, and the resulting organisational change. This was supported by the high level of commitment and skill shown by the project champion, who recognised the need to integrate a change management strategy into the information system implementation, to ensure that the systems implementation acted to support an aligned dynamic change, rather than hinder it. In the technological area of the study, the organisation made sure to maintain close relationships with the vendors that installed the system, in order to facilitate a high level of technology transfer to the in house staff, as well as using a benefits realisation plan to track the project benefits and ensure they were realised (Tan et al, 2010). Critical reflection on the case study 2 The main learning point from this study is the importance of integrating any information systems implementation with a valid and rigorous change management strategy in order to drive successful change. This is in line with the arguments of Keen (1981) who notes that information systems will only act to support an organisational change, and maintain strategic alignment in that change, if the information systems themselves are implemented using organisational change principles. This success factor was also supported and underlined by the role played by the change champion in achieving organisational support for the change, as well as the process of obtaining commitment from senior management. This combination of factors implies that the most important factor in ensuring that IT and IS support dynamic strategic change efforts is the need to use effective change management methodologies to drive the entire process. In addition to this, the results and learning from the technological aspects of the case study indicates that the organisation needs to ensure that it has the required level of technical and technological expertise in order to run and maintain the system and ensure it is achieving its goals. The main factor in ensuring that this is achieved is the need to ensure a high level of involvement in the implementation process and, if external vendors are used, to ensure a high level of knowledge and technology transfer from said vendors. The use of a benefits realisation plan, or other method of tracking and driving project benefits, is also important in ensuring that IS and IT implementations are successful in achieving their goals. Conclusion In the modern business environment, organisations can only create and maintain relevant and successful strategic direction if they follow a process of dynamic strategic formulation. Failure to follow this process will leave the company unable to keep up with market and environmental trends, and hence will be surpassed by superior competitors. Information systems and information technology can support the process of dynamic strategy formulation by making information more available to businesses, and supporting the efforts of said businesses to analyse and formulate their strategy by providing tools to support their strategy formulation efforts. This is supported by the literature, which demonstrates how information systems can support both the development of dynamic strategies and dynamic strategic change at both the general and specific level. The importance of information systems to the process of strategy formulation and strategic change is also supported by the case studies. As the HP case study shows, information systems can play a critical role in developing a strategy and deploying it, by supporting the process of strategic discovery and relating the processes of the organisation to the strategic environment. Similarly, the case study of QH demonstrates the importance of using rigorous methods when driving strategic change. Not only must these methods be used to support the change itself, but also in the deployment of the information systems, to ensure that said systems will support the overall and not act to hinder it in any way. An understanding of the importance of information systems in providing the information needed for strategy formulation was vital in the success of both of the cases examined in this piece.

Premature Baby Free Essays

string(46) " was conducted while kangaroo care procedure\." A new medical practice for premature babies -Touching or No Touching- In the world, more than 300 thousand people are born in a day, but 10 percent of them are born as premature babies. The premature birth rate has increased by about 36 percent since the early 1980s, and many of them have died. Fortunately the good news is that the survival rate of the preterm has increased remarkably due to improvements in neonatology, such as using incubator transport. We will write a custom essay sample on Premature Baby or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, compared with in utero transport, incubator transport, based on separation between with mother and infants, is not natural thing, and it still has risks. Incubator transport for preterm still has some known disadvantages including infant instability by lack of adequate systems for securing the infant, and separation of mother and infant. Even though it has some risk, it has been known as an optimal practice for care of extensible number of premature infants. According to Statehealthfacts. org, in the United States in 2009, there were 502,306 preterm births born. This is 12. 2% of births in the United States, 2009. Table. 1 Number of births, number of preterm births, and preterm births as a percent of all births in the United States 2009 Normal full term babies are born at 38 weeks. Babies born before 37 weeks are defined as premature babies, and those born between 24 and 29 weeks are ‘extremely premature’. They usually have less weight than 1. 5kg (3. 3lb). And all babies born with less than standard birth weight, 2. 1kg (4lb) are at risk. Therefore, babies born early need special care and monitoring to help them to gain weight. To reduce disadvantages of incubators and improve care preterm babies, ‘Kangaroo care,’ a new medical practice for preterm babies, was introduced and being conducted in some united states medical facilities. Kangaroo care is also known as kangaroo mother care, kangaroo baby care, and skin to skin care. Although the name varies, the concept is that holding an infant, naked except for a diaper and hat, against the bare chest of an adult for the purpose of providing the infant with a natural thermal environmental, nurturing touch, and enhanced opportunity to breast-feed. â€Å"Although numerous studies have explored the value of kangaroo care for premature or stressed newborns, the literature informing the effects of kangaroo care to people is scarce† the study by Janice Collisons said. Mostly, the incubator as a present medical system is being used. The current predominant model of neonatal stabilization like incubators involves placing the infant in an open warmer immediately after delivery. This practice immediately separates the mother and infant during a crucial period of extra uterine adaptation, and may be a venue for delayed neonatal physiological adaptation, reduced breast-feeding, and impaired maternal infant bonding. The goal of my research is to know the benefits of kangaroo care as a stabilization method for preterm infants, and to figure out how it contributes the health of infants. In March of 2010, a mother gave birth to a premature infant son, named Jamie. She was told that the baby had died despite the best efforts of the medical staff. She was given a chance to hold and cuddle him on her chest in order to say goodbye. When placed on her chest, his breath began coming in short bursts, and his parents and the medical staffs were astonished when Jamie opened his eyes with stable breathing. Jamie is now a normal active 2 year old boy. What this mother and child experienced is kangaroo care because it is similar to the same care a baby kangaroo receives in its mother’s pouch. Doctor, Susan Ludington says â€Å"many people don’t understand this situation, but there are eight reports of other babies revived by kangaroo care. The mother can stimulate the baby to live. I think the Kangaroo care helped† In fact, this method had been used in Colombia. Due to increasing mortality rates in Bogota, Colombia, in 1978, Dr. Edgar Rey introduced kangaroo care to alleviate the shortage of caregivers and lack of incubators. This care was found to be an inexpensive and very beneficial experience to babies in Bogota, Colombia. The mortality rate finally fell to 30 percent from 70 percent. Most studies have proven that Kangaroo care has positive impacts on babies and their parents; some studies have proven there is no change; but no study has proven that kangaroo care has hurt either parent or baby. By offering it to newborns, they have a stable heart rate, more regular breathing, improved oxygen saturation levels, no stress, longer periods of sleep, more rapid weight gain, and earlier hospital discharge. The first benefit of the kangaroo care is that preterm babies can have longer periods of sleep. Researchers have come a long way in determining the major cause of colic. The common conclusion in 1999 is that colic is caused by a baby’s inability to transition from one sleep state to another – like from an alert state into a sleep state and back again. Kangaroo care performed in a quiet, low light environment with any baby has been proven to reduce crying and help the baby learn to transition from one sleep state to another. A study done by Patricia Messmer in 1997 found a significant increase in sleep time for the neonates during Kangaroo care. The kangaroo care can relieve the pain of preterm babies during treatment such as blood test, injection of medication, and several physical tests which give significant pain to the babies. Because the premature babies are really vulnerable to surroundings, doctors need to take blood samples to check their health every day. They usually take 3cc amount of blood from the babies. The volume of blood drawn (3cc) from babies is proportionate to that drawn (400cc) from adults. How painful it is for the babies to stand. The experiment that measured the pain level to premature babies from the blood test was conducted while kangaroo care procedure. You read "Premature Baby" in category "Papers" The result of the experiment showed that the babies felt less pain when they were on mother’s chest. According to the article ‘Kangaroo care is effective in diminishing pain response in preterm neonates’, it concludes ‘Kangaroo care was effective in significantly decreasing pain response on the behavioral components of a validated composite measure of pain in preterm babies. Given the many invasive procedures that are part of clinical care in preterm babies, KC may be a safe analgesic alternative in neonates in whom it is feasible and with mothers who are comfortable providing KC for painful events’ The newest studies that are being done in Sweden and other countries concentrate on full term babies in respiratory distress. They take these babies, who would normally be put on respirators, and place them on the mom’s chest immediately after birth in the Kangaroo Care position. Babies stayed on mom until the respiratory distress was gone – within 48 hours for most babies. Oxygen hoods and cannulas (small tubes) were used if needed. In preterm babies, the effects of Kangaroo Care on these functions are just as dramatic. In 1998, Dr. Susan found a four-fold decrease in apnea during Kangaroo Care and ventilated babies were able to tolerate transfer and position changes without increased oxygen requirements. In 1997, GM Cleary, et al concluded there was no increase in bradycardia(slow heart rate –below 60 beats per min) episodes during Kangaroo Care. In 1998, Gay Gale and Kathleen Vandenburg concluded that the heart rate was more regular for Kangarooed infants. All-in-all, the baby fared much better when placed in Kangaroo Care. â€Å"With my own ventilated preemie (1 pound 12 ounces at birth) I noticed a 50% reduction in oxygen requirements, no apneas, more stable heart rate, and more spontaneous respiration when I held her skin-to-skin. † Holly Richardson concluded that more rapid weight gain was observed in Kangarooed infants. Kangaroo care allows the baby to fall into a deep sleep by conserving their energy for far more important things. This increased weight gain also leads to shorter hospital stays. Kangarooed infants can have as much as a 50% shorter hospital stay than babies who are not kangarooed. This means less expense for the parents and children. In 1990, Dr. Susan Ludington demonstrated that mothers showed thermal synchrony with their babies. A recent study placed babies in Kangaroo Care position on the mother’s chest and temperatures were taken periodically of both the mother’s chest and the baby. The study revealed that when the baby got cold, the mother’s body temperature would increase to ‘warm’ the baby up. The reverse was also true. Given a suggestion of â€Å"Your baby looks warm to me† by a nurse, the mother’s chest temperature would decrease within minutes to compensate. Extra blankets and monitoring of baby’s temperature might be needed when Dad or others practice Kangaroo Care, but in 1997, Karl Bauer wrote that one hour of skin-to-skin contact (Kangaroo Care) was no cold to preterm infants. In 1998, Papi A Gomez found infants in Kangaroo Care for more than 50 minutes were 8 times more likely to breast feed spontaneously. Kangaroo Care allows for easy access to the breast, and the skin-to-skin contact increases milk let-down. A receiving blanket, strategically placed to catch extra milk is extremely helpful – especially if the baby is unable to breast feed. Otherwise, some doctors argue that there is risk of a bacterial infection if vulnerable infants come out from incubators. However, by using kangaroo care the immunity of premature babies is built up so they are not easily affected by any bacterial infection. Why? It’s because of the breast milk, containing lymphocytes and macrophages that produce antibodies. The kangaroo care facilitates an easy access breast feeding for both moms and babies than incubators. As long as mothers are in good health and can produce healthy breast milk, the premature babies’ immune system will develop. Richardson proposed that brain development is more rapid in the baby who benefits from Kangaroo care. Her research reveals that ‘alpha waves double in a baby being â€Å"kangarooed† versus a baby in an incubator. Alpha waves are the brain wave patterns associated with contentment and bliss. Delta brushes are a pattern formed when tracking brain activity that represents the creation of new neural synapses. Delta brushes are higher during Kangaroo care than during incubator care. ’ Through some cases and studies, kangaroo care can contribute to give an efficient treatment, as well as a miracle revival, to premature infants as long as it comes into wide use in a medical institution rather than using of artificial facilities which give stress to vulnerable infants. These benefits of kangaroo care are basically from mother’s love and communication. The incubator transport may give the stable care to the babies but it’s not perfect and not natural to them. It cannot be compared with mother’s bosom. Some hospitals, combining both this touching system and the incubator, experience the positive results from the kangaroo care. However, there is still a huge lack of the knowledge of the kangaroo care. How to encourage people to know about the kangaroo care? Telling is the best way to spread it out to people. When people become parents with knowledge of the kangaroo care, they may use this touching in their home. It’s easy for every parent to use. Parents should know that their love and touching are what vulnerable babies need, not a cold and impersonal facility. Bibliography Articles Barb Morrison. â€Å"Kangaroo Care: ‘Natures Best for our Little Ones’† (2006) Web Feb 22. 2012 lt;http://www. preciousimagecreations. com/presentations/kangaroocare. pdfgt; Maria Blois. â€Å"Hold Me Close: ‘Encouraging essential mother/baby physical contact’† (2007) Web Feb 22. 2012 lt; http://www. babywearinginternational. org/Blois_research_summary. pdfgt; Dieter Sontheimer. â€Å"Kangaroo Transport Instead of Incubator Transport†(2004) Web Mar 11. 2004 lt; http://pediatrics. aappublications. org/content/113/4/920. full gt; Celeste Johnson. Kangaroo care is effective in diminishing pain response in preterm neonates† (2003) Web Mar 11. 2012 lt; http://archpedi. ama-assn. org/cgi/reprint/157/11/1084 gt; Leornard A. Herzenberg. â€Å"Soluable CD14 enriched in colostrum and milk induces B cell growth and differentiation† (2000) Web Mar 20. 2012 lt;http://www. pnas. org/content/98/2/603. fullgt; Books Lu dington-Hoe. â€Å"Kangaroo Care: The Best You Can Do for Your Premature Infant. † New York: Bantam Books(1993). Web Feb 22. 2012 Bergman. â€Å"Kangaroo Mother Care†. Geddes Productions (2003). Web Feb 22. 2012 Web Mhaire Fraser. Mom Uses Kangaroo Care to Revive Child Pronounced Dead. † Care2 Make a Difference. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Holly Richardson. â€Å"Kangaroo Care: Why Does It Work? † Midwifery Today. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Krisanne Larimer. â€Å"Kangaroo Care Benfits† Premature Baby. Web. 22 Feb, 2012 Kaiser Family. â€Å"United States: Number of Birth, 2009† â€Å"United States: Number of Preterm Births, 2009† â€Å"United States: Preterm Births as a Percent of All Births, 2009† Statehealthfacts. org. Web Mar 14, 2012 Jane Sheppard. â€Å"Breastfeeding for a strong immune system†. Web. 20 Mar, 2012 Rebecca M. Pugh. â€Å"Supporting the birth that is right for you†. Web. 20 Mar, 2012 How to cite Premature Baby, Papers

Patient Document Tampering

Question: Discuss about the Patient Document Tampering. Answer: Introduction In the nursing practice, documentation is crucial as per The Australian Registered Nurse Standards for Practice. Documentation refers to the written or the electronic health records which provide the patients information. The Australian Registered Nurse Standards of Practice requires that the nurse on duty should record the patients details accurately, update the patient's file in time, keep it under safe custody and maintain the confidentiality of the information recorded(Kerr, Lu, McKinlay, 2013). The safe maintenance of health records of a patient facilitates effective communication between the nurse on duty and the other nurses and care providers about the status of the patient, nursing interventions carried out and the outcomes. Also, documentation promotes proper and efficient nursing care. In the case scenario, personally, as a nurse, I would examine myself for the cause of the discrepancy, inform my supervisor about the issue and other relevant top personnel to launch invest igations(Johnson, et al., 2014). Furthermore, I would come up with an incident report. In the essay, I shall identify critical issues and recommend appropriately, discuss the actions to be taken, outline the relevant parts of the Australian Registered Nurse Standards of Practice which applies to the case scenario and, discuss the potential legal and ethical implications. Main Issues that Emerge in the Case Scenario In the case scenario, the nurse on duty fails to keep the patients records safely, and as a result, somebody accessed them and tampered with the original records. The tampering with nurse's original notes is quite detrimental in the nursing care because it would lead to either the falsification of the clients information or provision of erroneous information. By doing so, it shall conflict the key role of documentation as outlined in the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses which requires them to provide impartial, honest and more accurate information regarding the nursing care and the patient receiving the care(Kleinpell, et al., 2014). Also, through the provision of accurate and authentic information regarding the client helps to build and maintain the communitys trust and a high level of confidence in the services provided by the nurses. But, on the contrary, the nurse on duty practices against this code of professional conduct. Furthermore, the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia requires the nurses to treat the personal information acquired from the patient in a professional way and capacity in ensuring that it is kept private and confidential. Though, in the case scenario, it is evident that the nurse on duty did not observe this professional guideline which requires her/him to keep the information privately and confidentially and instead left it carelessly and openly(O'connell, Gardner, Coyer, 2014). The act of the nurse on duty to leave patient's information in the unsecured area resulted in its easy access by intruders who might have tampered with it. Similarly, the tampering of the nurses original notes would lead to the strained and poor therapeutic relations between the fellow colleagues, client and her/him. Strained and poor relations arises as a result of mistrust and inner feeling that either the colleagues developed jealousy on how she/he offers her nursing care services to the client and are getting unwise mechanisms to land the nurse into problems(Melnyk, Gallagher-Ford, Long, Fineout-Overholt, 2014). The aim of fellow nurses is to see the nurse in problems with the unit supervisor or management, and if possible, the nurse gets deregistered or suspended. Besides, the patient might develop mistrust with the nurse on duty, and think that the nurse attentionally tampered with the notes. The patient will reason so that during handover, the incoming nurse should not get the right information about the care required and end up offering or prescribing different drugs which would result in dire consequences for the patients heal th(Johnstone, 2015). Such actions are against the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia which requires the nurses to promote and maintain the trust and the privilege inherent in the existing relationship between the nurses and the patient receiving the nursing care. In the Australian Registered Nurse Standards of Practice, Standard 1 states that a nurse should think critically and undertake thorough analysis in the nursing practice to make informed decisions. In the case scenario, there are quite a number of protocols to be observed under Standard 1 in the efficient handling of the case. To start with, procedure 1.4 of the standard 1 practice require nurses to comply with the legislation, regulations, the policies and the guidelines while on duty(Bernoth, Dietsch, Burmeister, Schwartz, 2014). For instance, different health care organizations do have specific policies and their guidelines regarding the launch of complaints and investigations. Therefore, as a nurse, she/he should make a step of informing the relevant investigation bodies to examine and investigate on the tampering of the original notes. Additionally, the issue of lack of critical thinking and analytical skills emerged. In the case scenario, the nurse failed to think critically in various contexts. Firstly, the nurse would have thought to be unwise leaving the patients records carelessly and unsecured. She/he would have taken a depth reasoning and make a ruling that either some patients or other nurses may come across the health record diary or book and interfere with the information intentionally or accidentally(Kangasniemi, Pakkasen, Korhonen, 2015). The nurse would have taken into close consideration that leaving the record openly some mentally challenged patients may get it and pluck some papers containing vital patient information. The failure of the nurse to think critically and analyze the situation is contrary the with the Australian Registered Nurse Standards of Practice which requires the nurse to think critically and making thorough analysis in nursing practice. As per the standard 1, a registered nurse s hould use a variety of strategies to think and make an informed decision based on the available evidence in the provision of safe and quality nursing care within the patient-centred and available evidence at the line of work(Ralph, Birks, Chapman, 2015). Furthermore, the standard 1 requires the nurse on duty to maintain a more accurate, comprehensive and in time documentation of the assessments, care plan, and client evaluation. In addition, the issue of accountability and responsibility emerges. In the case scenario, the nurse on duty was to be held account and responsible for the destruction of the health records of the patients. He/s he should come out and explain to the investigating bodies of what happened and how it happened. The nurse should act under the Australian Registered Nurses Standards for Practice, Standard 3, which shall require her/him to prove her/his capability and capacity in the nursing care practice(Birks, Davis, Smithson, Cant, 2016). The registered nurse shall be expected to accept and take accountability for the incapacity to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions in ensuring that the clients health records are safe and updated for a better heat outcome. The nurse should be held accountable to clarify briefly on where he/she was while the destruction was taking place or where she left the document. She/he should answer interrogative questions seeking to know whether h anding over happened or not, or the tampering of the records occurred while she was still on duty. The Immediate and Subsequent Actions As a witnessing nurse, I would immediately report the matter to the unit supervisor in service. As a nurse, I would consider this as my first step in observation to the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. The Code of Ethics for Nurses outlines all nurses should seek to make informed decisions. With that regard, as a nurse, I would inform the supervisor on duty so that we can discuss on the way forward and we should handle the matter at stake to ensure that the patient gets access to quality care(Cusack, 2015). We could be forced to start new recording of the patients information since we would not risk using the tampered document. Having the original notes plucked or deleted is quite disastrous as it may lead to using false information regarding the patient and the care required. Furthermore, relying on such altered information would result in health consequences on the side of the client, in case, nursing care relies on it. Shall report in order to uphold the Australian Code of Ethics for Nurses which directs that the nurses should value the ethical management of the patients information(Hunt, et al., 2015). Besides, as a witnessing nurse, I shall follow the appropriate channels as per the organization on the policies and the procedures for the safety reporting. I would draft an incident report regarding the case scenario. Overview of the Relevant Sections of the Australian Registered Nurse Standards for Practice that Applies in this Case Scenario. Standard 1, which states that the nurses should think critically and make analyses to make informed decisions in nursing practice. Through critical thinking, decisions shall be reached based on the available evidence. The critical thinking results in the provision of safe and quality nursing care services within the patient-centred and the evidence-based frameworks. In the subsection 1.6 of the Standard 1, it applies to this case scenario(Westbrook, et al., 2015). The subsection requires the nurse on duty to maintain an accurate, comprehensive and up to time updated documents for her/his assessments, care plan, basis of decision making, treatment actions and the evaluations made. Finally, the standard of practice applies to the handling of the case scenario. The witnessing nurse, supervisor and the investigation personnel should critically and creatively think about how to handle and arrive at a reasonable solution to the problem. Standard 3, the nurse should maintain the capability and capacity for practice. In the case scenario, the nurse on duty should be liable and be ready to be held responsible and accountable for not ensuring the safety of the patients records as per the requirement of the Standard of Practice(Harrison, et al., 2014). The subsection 3.4 of the Standard states that, the nurse should accept and be accountable for the decisions, her/his actions, and behaviours, and the responsibilities bestowed on him/her. It is true that the nurse on duty had the powers to ensure that the patients records are kept in a safe custody and should take all responsibilities in case the patient's file gets destroyed. Possible Legal/Ethical Implications There would be a possibility for the nurse to be fired/suspended or deregistered if the investigation body finds enough evidence that the nurse was incompetent, careless and irresponsible capability in practice. Furthermore, if there is adequate evidence which can justify that the nurse on duty internationally plucked the original notes with an aim to hinder either the handover process or other reasons, she would be fired and deregistered(Haw, Stubbs, Dickens, 2014). Other possible legal implication would be the family members of the patient heading to court to file on denied quality nursing care and disclosing of their patients private information. Finally, the unethical practice may emerge in which the nurse who is being held accountable, may choose to come with a falsified information in order to try to convince the supervisor and the investigation team that is the original documentation only that he confused. Lastly, the ethical implication would arise where the nurse develops m istrust with her fellow nurses by thinking that one of them tampered with the original notes to land her on problems. Also, there would be mistrust between the patient and the nursing fraternity. Conclusion It is evident that nurses on duty should practice their nursing care adhering to the Code of Professional Nurses Conduct and the Australian Registered Nurse Standards for Practice. The practice as per the Nurses' codes of professionalism aims at the building the communitys trust on their services and ensuring that safe and quality nursing care services offered. Furthermore, proper and accurate documentation of the patients information concerning his/her treatment status and the care delivered is crucial. Keeping written and electronic health records of patients facilitate effective communication between nurses and enhance comfortable handing over during nurses shifting. It is also important to maintain the documents in safe custody and is accessible by only authorized personnel such that if there is tampering of the document, there would be easy tracking. Finally, the patients information should be kept private and confidential. Through ensuring that the clients health information is kept private to other people who are not responsible for his/her care, helps to build the clients trust on the care services provided by the nurse on duty. 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